GLASS LAB · Medical Aesthetics Evidence Index 303 cells · 19,226 papers · 5,969 top-tier evidence

Body / Fat · Submental fat

Injectable lipolysis deoxycholate or mesotherapy evidence for Submental fat

B 59.5 / 100 Supported 24 RCT/meta · 11 clinical/observational · 11 case · 103 total
Good evidence · positive conclusion

There is a relatively good level of clinical evidence, and a majority of papers support its effectiveness.

Grade combines the quantity and quality of the research, while direction is a separate signal showing how the papers assess effectiveness.

Includes meta-analysis/SR Median year 2020 Last 5 years 47% Positive results 48% Negative results 1 Korea/Asia 3

Known in Korea as

브이올렛윤곽 주사제로핏 주사지방분해 주사

Procedure and brand names vary, but the evidence above applies to the same procedure mechanism.

Key papers

tier1 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial of AYP-101 (Soybean Phosphatidylcholine) for Submental Fat Reduction in Asian Adults. Clinical therapeutics · 2025 · PMID 40850886

Abstract summary (English) PURPOSE: Submental fat (SMF) accumulation can affect self-image and psychological well-being, leading to a demand for nonsurgical treatment. AYP-101, which contains soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), is under investigation for SMF reduction. This study aimed to compare 2 concentrations of AYP-101 to placebo injections to determine the optimal concentration and evaluate safety and efficacy in reducing moderate to...

Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase II

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tier1 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentered Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MEI005 in Reducing Submental Fat in Chinese Adults. Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025 · PMID 40037621

Abstract summary (English) BACKGROUND: Submental fat (SMF) is a common aesthetic concern traditionally treated with liposuction. Nonsurgical alternatives, like injectable deoxycholic acid, are gaining popularity. However, no related products have been clinically approved in China.

Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase III

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tier1 The Addition of Low-Dose Lidocaine and Triamcinolone Reduces the Adverse Effects of 2-Deoxycholate Injection Without Affecting the Long-Term Results. Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025 · PMID 40084635

Abstract summary (English) INTRODUCTION: The study investigates the efficacy of combining low-dose triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) and lidocaine with deoxycholic acid (DCA) injections to reduce adverse effects (AEs) without compromising long-term results. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted with 15 subjects, divided into a control group (DCA with lidocaine) and an intervention group (DCA with low-dose TAC and lidocaine). The...

Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial

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tier1 Deoxycholate for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: A Review of Current Literature and Potential New Delivery Systems. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2025 · PMID 39902824

Abstract summary (English) BACKGROUND: Deoxycholate is approved for submental fat reduction due to its ability to lyse cells and reduce fat accumulation, but it is used off-label in aesthetic treatments for subcutaneous fat reduction for several other parts of the body. OBJECTIVE: Review the clinical evidence supporting using sodium deoxycholate and delivery systems for aesthetic purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review...

Journal Article, Systematic Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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tier1 Phase 1 study of AYP-101 (soybean phosphatidylcholine): safety, pharmacokinetics, and lipid profile effects for reducing submental fat. Lipids in health and disease · 2024 · PMID 39732703

Abstract summary (English) BACKGROUND: Excessive submental fat under the chin is a known aesthetic concern because of its negative impact on facial appearance and psychological well-being. AYP-101 is a newly developed injectable agent containing 93% soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) designed to reduce submental fat. We conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and lipid profile effects of AYP-101.

Journal Article, Clinical Trial, Phase I, Randomized Controlled Trial

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tier1 Efficacy, safety, and potential industry bias in using deoxycholic acid for submental fat reduction ‒ A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023 · PMID 37806137

Abstract summary (English) Lipolytic substance injections to reduce localized fat have been extensively used because it is a low-invasive method. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deoxycholic acid in submental fat reduction compared to a placebo and investigate the potential industry sponsorship bias in the results of randomized clinical trials on this topic. Ten electronic databases were extensively searched for...

Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review, Journal Article

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tier1 Efficacy and Safety of Tapencarium (RZL-012) in Submental Fat Reduction. Aesthetic surgery journal · 2023 · PMID 37348516

Abstract summary (English) BACKGROUND: Tapencarium (RZL-012) (5-(3.6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-N, N, N-trimethylpentan-1-aminium chloride) is a novel injectable synthetic molecule with cytolytic properties, capable of reducing subcutaneous fat volume. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this 3-armed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study was to determine the safety and efficacy of low- and high-dose RZL-012 vs placebo on submental...

Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal Article

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tier1 Is deoxycholic acid able to reduce submental fat and increase patient satisfaction when compared to placebo groups? A systematic review. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS · 2022 · PMID 36123256

Abstract summary (English) The accumulation of submental fat (SMF) can negatively impact facial harmony appearance, and one alternative treatment for this condition is the application of deoxycholic acid (DOC). The objective of this systematic review was to answer the following question: "Is DOC able to reduce SMF and increase patient satisfaction when compared to the placebo groups?". Therefore, a detailed search strategy was carried out in...

Systematic Review, Journal Article

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tier1 A randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DWJ211 in the treatment of moderate to severe submental fat. Dermatologic therapy · 2022 · PMID 35142011

Abstract summary (English) Excessive accumulation of submental fat (SMF) causes a lower face cosmetic problem. A lipolytic injectable has recently been developed as a solution. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects and safety of DWJ211 (a newly developed lipolytic injectable) in the reduction of SMF and to identify the optimum dose.

Clinical Trial, Phase II, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial

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tier1 Alternative Cosmetic and Medical Applications of Injectable Deoxycholic Acid: A Systematic Review. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2021 · PMID 34537786

Abstract summary (English) BACKGROUND: Beyond submental fat reduction, injectable deoxycholic acid (DCA) has gained popularity in recent years for various minimally invasive lipolysis applications. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and evaluate the evidence of off-label uses of injectable DCA. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were searched.

Journal Article, Systematic Review

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Suggested interpretation

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